Scientists have found that large artificial intelligence data centers are creating “heat islands,” raising nearby land temperatures by up to 16 degrees Fahrenheit and affecting more than 340 million people (31/03).

The findings highlight a previously underexplored environmental impact of data centers, which are already known for consuming large amounts of energy.

Researchers Analyze Temperature Data Around Hyperscale Facilities

The study, led by Andrea Marinoni from the University of Cambridge, focused on heat released from energy-intensive processes such as computation and cooling systems.

Researchers reviewed 20 years of temperature data from remote sensors and compared it with the locations of more than 6,000 data centers.

To reduce external influences, the analysis excluded dense urban areas and filtered out seasonal changes, global warming trends, and other contributing factors.

Global Data Shows Consistent Temperature Increases

The study found that surface temperatures rose by an average of 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit after data centers began operations.

In some cases, nearby temperatures increased by as much as 16.4 degrees Fahrenheit.

Similar patterns were observed globally, including in Mexico’s Bajio region and Aragon in Spain, where temperature increases were recorded without similar changes in neighboring areas.

The warming effect was not limited to the immediate surroundings, extending up to 6.2 miles from the facilities.

Experts Highlight Environmental and Social Concerns

Researchers described the findings as alarming, especially as the number of AI data centers is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years.

Marinoni said the expansion “could have dramatic impacts on society” in terms of the environment, public welfare, and the economy.

Deborah Andrews from London South Bank University said the study is the first she has seen focusing specifically on heat generated by data centers.

“The ‘rush for AI-gold’ appears to be overriding good practice and systemic thinking,” she said, adding that development is progressing faster than sustainable systems.

Study Calls for More Research on AI Infrastructure Impact

Some experts emphasized the need for further research to confirm the findings.

Ralph Hintemann from the Borderstep Institute said the reported effects “seem very high,” while noting that emissions from power generation remain a significant concern.

Marinoni said the study aims to encourage discussion on reducing the environmental impact of AI without limiting its benefits.

“There still might be time to consider the possibility of a different path … without affecting the demand of AI and its ability to provide progress for mankind,” he said.

PHOTO: FREEPIK

This article was created with AI assistance.

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